Metadata: Jurydyka of Garbary
Collection
- Country:
- Poland
- Holding institution:
- The National Archives in Krakow
- Holding institution (official language):
- Archiwum Narodowe w Krakowie
- Postal address:
- Oddział III, 30-960 Kraków, ul. Sienna 16
- Phone number:
- +48 (12) 422 40 94
- Web address:
- http://ank.gov.pl/
- Email:
- sekretariat@ank.gov.pl
- Reference number:
- 29/40/0
- Title:
- Jurydyka of Garbary
- Title (official language):
- Jurydyka Garbary
- Creator/accumulator:
- Authorities of Krakow’s Jurydyka of Garbary
- Date(s):
- 1412/1794
- Date note:
- 1412-1497; 1507-1794
- Language:
- Polish
- Latin
- German
- Extent:
- 4.42 linear metres (75 units)
- Type of material:
- Textual material
- Physical condition:
- good
- Scope and content:
-
The fonds covers the Jurydyka of Garbary and royal settlement Czarna Wieś. Although the Chancellery functioned well (given its being a jurydyka chancellery), the noticeable gaps in the extant manuscripts cause chronological discontinuities within individual years covered. There are five basic series: royal documents, records of the aldermen’s court (‘inductions’ and protocols), records of the vogt’s court (only partially extant), records of the vogt and aldermen’s court (first half of the 17th century to 1794), partly categorised into ‘inscriptions’ and ‘controversies’, and miscellaneous records. The manuscripts contain similar categories of cases: ‘inscriptions’ (i.e. civil) and litigious cases. The records comprise transactions, liquidations, intromissions, accounts of criers, land[-tax] fees, last wills and testaments (original copies and copies submitted to the vogt and aldermen’s office of Garbary), petitions of residents of Garbary, certifications, lists of transactions accepted, land measurements and fees, lists of houses and revisions carried out at Garbary by the Municipal Council [magistrat] or Krakow and the Krakow guild of masons, and revisions re. the Rudawa river.
A separate subgroup in the fonds is formed of records of the municipal divisional court of Circuit [cyrkuł] 3 dating to the ‘Great’ Sejm period (1788-92). Some of the units contain extracts from records of assessors’ courts, the general consistorial court, the councillors’ court of Krakow, the higher court of German law and the commissioner’s court, related to residents of Garbary. Of the administrative records, there stands out an ordinance for Garbary issued by the Krakow municipality office in 1747. Among the private records are a number of supplications, applications, witness testimonies, bills/accounts of private persons from Garbary and Czarna Wieś dated 1663 to 1793, and tax vouchers.
Entries related to Jews and Jewish matters are very rare, more frequent from the mid-eighteenth century onwards. Jews of Kazimierz maintained business contacts with, and granted loans to, residents of Garbary. However, they never developed extensive economic activities there and, due to Garbary’s dependence on the Krakow authorities, could not, in principle, dwell there.
29/40/66 (Jur-66), 29/40/44 (Jur-44), 29/40/45 (Jur-45), 29/40/47 (Jur-47), 29/40/71 (Jur-71) mark the suits filed at the vogt and aldermen’s office of Garbary by burghers of Krakow or residents of Garbary against other local residents over keeping Jewish servants in their households; suits by Jews of Kazimierz against residents of Garbary for unpaid debts; cases related to redemption by residents of Garbary of objects pawned with Jews; burghers’ debts, including for leather supplied by Jews; information re. participation of Kazimierz Jews in auctioning of debtors’ assets, held at the Garbary Town Hall.
- Archival history:
- The records of the Jurydyka of Garbary were kept at the local town hall. Garbary was the only jurydyka that had a like building of its own. In the middle of the seventeenth century, in view of fire safety, the records were kept at the City Hall of Krakow. They were permanently overseen by the Krakow municipal chancellery and thus were brought to the city hall for review. Finally, the Garbary Jurydyka records were relocated for good to the Krakow City Hall in March 1794. In the Free City of Krakow period (1815-46), the records were kept at the Mortgage Registry Office (affiliated to the Court of Appeals). 1890 saw the transfer of most of the records to the Archives of Historical Records of the City of Krakow. In 1891, the Krakow Archive received another eighteen volumes of court registers. Subsequently, extracts from court registers of Garbary from 1616 to 1733 were added, which the Archive received after the death of Professor Wilhelm Gąsiorowski, a renowned collector of archival material. The Jurydyka of Garbary fonds obtained one more aldermen’s register by way of exchange with the Municipal Archive (Archiwum Grodzkie) in 1906. In 1907-13 the other volumes were added, mainly including miscellaneous records. The Chancellery of Garbary exercised due diligence and operated following its Krakow counterpart’s model.
- Administrative/biographical history:
-
Garbary (Suburbium Cerdonum) was a municipal jurydyka - that is, a privately owned tract of land - situated outside the ramparts of Krakow; its name comes from a place where tanners had settled [garbarz being tanner in Polish]. Presently, the area, with the Carmelite monastery as its central point, is called Piaski. The historical area of Garbary extended from Wolska (Piłsudskiego) St. up to Krowoderska St.
In general, a jurydyka was an area situated beside or within a royal city; in some cases, a jurydyka was a sort of inner enclave not subject to the city’s authorities, whose residents were exempt from the duty to pay the municipal taxes. Otherwise, jurydykas were self-government bodies or particular territories enjoying their own jurisdiction or administration.
Garbary was the largest jurydyka within Krakow. In the late 14th and early 15th century the authorities of the city of Krakow established a separate self-government there – the ‘vogt and aldermen’s office’, thus forming a ‘municipal jurydyka‘. With respect to administration and collection of taxes, Garbary was dependent upon the authorities of Krakow. Formally, the Jurydyka of Garbary was cancelled in 1791, in the period of the Four Years’ (i.e. ‘Great’) Sejm; the Austrian authorities put a definite end to it in 1800.
- Subject terms:
- Financial matters
- Financial matters--Debt
- Legal matters
- System of arrangement:
-
The fonds is arranged as follows:
1 Records of the aldermen’s court
1.1 Aldermen’s registers (’inductions’) 1412-1642
1.2 Protocols of aldermen’s registers 1593-1634
2 Records of the vogt office’s court 1451-1688
3 Records of the aldermen’s and vogt’s court
3.1 Vogt and aldermen’s registers (’inductions’) 1643-1782
3.2 Protocols of vogt and aldermen’s registers 1662-1794
3.3 Transactions, liquidations, intromissions, reported accounts, land [tax] fees, testaments/last wills, extracts from vogt and aldermen’s registers 1540-1794
4 Records regarding the Jurdyka of Garbary 1633-1794
- Access, restrictions:
- If copies (microfilms, scans, photocopies) are available, these will be provided to the researcher. Access to original documents requires the Director’s consent.
- Finding aids:
- Inwentarz akt jurydyk krakowskich 1412–1809, ed. by Wacław Kolak, Warszawa 1968
- Yerusha Network member:
- The Taube Department of Jewish Studies of the University of Wrocław
- Author of the description:
- Przemysław Zarubin, Kraków, 2017
