Metadata: Collection of Military Orders in Copies
Collection
- Country:
- Russia
- Holding institution:
- The Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering, and Communications Forces
- Holding institution (official language):
- Военно-исторический Музей артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи
- Postal address:
- 197198, Russia, St. Petersburg, Aleksandrovskii park, d. 7
- Phone number:
- (812) 610-33-01
- Web address:
- http://www.artillery-museum.ru/collection-fond.html
- Email:
- artillery@yandex.ru
- Reference number:
- F. 24
- Title:
- Collection of Military Orders in Copies
- Title (official language):
- Коллекция «Копийные приказы»
- Creator/accumulator:
- various military units
- Date(s):
- 1724/1921
- Language:
- Russian
- Polish
- Extent:
- 1,460 storage units
- Type of material:
- Textual material
- Scope and content:
-
Materials housed in all inventories of the fonds that pertain to the history of Jews in Russia may be provisionally divided into seven thematic groups:
1) Orders for military districts, agencies, etc. that contain occasional references to Jews in connection with this or that situation described in the order, and in particular, documents that mention “the theft of a trunk containing money from the Jew Herschel-Gottlieb while in transit”; “Second Lt. Sumtsov’s sale of items of state property, including to the Jew Moshka Zymelevich Gel’shtein”; “the burning of the Adamkovo tavern that had been rented from the Jew Yankel Trishinskii”; “Cossacks’ rescue of the Jews Shmonka Rubinovich and Sender Meierovich, who had fallen through the ice”; “a Cossack’s rescue of a Jewish boy”; “an unidentified Jew’s offer to senior NCO Sizov regarding the sale of state-owned weapons”; etc. (1820s-1910s).
2) Orders transferring Jewish military, civilian, and medical personnel from one unit or institution to another, and orders pertaining to these persons’ enrollment, dismissal, or leave, including the transfer of Gunner M. Shkol’nik to the 3rd Mortar Regiment (1894); an order transferring military-medical and veterinary personnel of the Odessa Military District, and in particular, Junior Doctor M. Tsukerman, to the field hospital of the 4th rifle brigade; and Dr. Hirschman-Leibin of the Pavlograd state two-year school to the 135th Kerch’-Enikale regiment (1904); detailing A. Rabinovich, a former soldier of the 185th infantry reserve regiment who had graduated from the metallurgical department of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute specialising in engineering, to the Izhevsk arms factory (1910s); etc.
3) Information on agreements between army contractors and Jewish suppliers, including documents titled “On the Warsaw Provincial Administration’s conclusion of a contract with the Warsaw merchant of the 1st guild Solomon Neifel’d for the supply of straw”; “On the Plotsk Provincial Administration’s conclusion of a contract with the merchants Leibus Davidson, Lazar’ Erlikh, Shmul’ Pizhits, and Veniamin Gol’de for the supply of firewood, coal, and straw for the forces of the military administrations and institutions of the Plotsk province”; etc. (1840s-1910s).
4) Documents on the awarding and commendation of over eighty Jewish military and medical officers (especially in orders for the year 1915), and in particular, on the awarding of Jewish doctors with various medals and commendations (“For diligence”; crosses of the Order of St. George of various degrees; Orders of St. Stanislaus of the 2nd and 3rd degree and of St. Anne of the 3rd degree).
5) Reports and orders from the period of the First World War regarding searches for wanted or missing servicemen or children who had fled to the front, including Petrograd Military District reports on the theatre of operations with lists of wanted persons that include Ia. L. Krakhmal’nikov, private first class of the volunteer 178th infantry reserve regiment (1916); Sh. I. Sher, a new recruit of the 285th infantry reserve regiment (1917); etc.
6) Evidence regarding rioting during the First Russian Revolution of 1905, including documents on the arrest of enlisted men in the streets of the city of Kerch’ for inciting a pogrom against Jews; on “the Jewish townsmen Hersch Livshits, Sender Azbil’, and others [arrested for] shooting revolvers with live ammunition from windows over the streets of the city of Odessa at enlisted men on the streets who had been called out to put an end to the rioting that had arisen in the city”; about “the Jewish townsman El’ Drui, who shot at the police sentry Dem’ian Volik near the old Christian cemetery in Odessa”; etc.
7) Materials reflecting the Russian imperial authorities’ policies vis-à-vis Jews, and in particular, instructions regarding the “compulsory military censorship of all letters in the Jewish [Yiddish] language” (1915); instructions that “restrictions against soldiers of the Judaic confession and Jewish origin [iudeiskogo veroispovedaniia i evreiskogo proiskhozhdeniia] attaining the rank of noncommissioned officer” be abolished (1917); “granting leave to all soldiers of the Judaic confession in military medical institutions and infirmaries during the autumn Jewish holidays to attend holiday services, as well as requiring that a report be made to the Jewish synagogue regarding all servicemen of the Judaic confession under treatment in military-medical institutions and in the infirmaries of private and public organizations” (1917); etc.
- Archival history:
- This was established in 1703 by order of Emperor Peter I as the tseikhgaus (from the German Zeughaus, “arsenal”), a storehouse of “memorable and curious” artillery pieces. According to a special decree, the tseikhgaus was to receive the most valuable and interesting exemplars of artillery pieces from all over Russia, and later other types of weapons, uniforms, and banners, including such items taken as war trophies. In 1756 Empress Elizaveta Petrovna decreed that the tseikhgaus reorganise as the Commemorative Hall and be housed at the Foundry (Liteinyi dvor). Since 1868, the military-historical collections have been located at the Kronverk of the Peter and Paul Fortress. From 1903 on, it was called the Artillery History Museum. In the Soviet period, it received the fonds of the Central Historical Military Engineering Museum (1963), and in 1965 the Military Communications Museum became part of it. Since that time, the museum has been called the Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering, and Communications Forces. The museum includes a document fonds (archive), formed in November 1872 on the initiative of N. E. Brandenburg, the museum’s director. It consists of 130 fonds housing 217,261 storage units on the subjects of artillery, urban planning, geographic discoveries, medicine, and the history of diplomacy. Also housed in the archival files are letters, notebooks, diaries, and autograph manuscripts of statesmen, scientists, military leaders, designers, artists, and architects.
- Administrative/biographical history:
- The fonds consists of copies of orders relating to various institutions of the military (units, factories, garrisons, etc.). Most of the orders are printed typographically, and the remaining documents are handwritten.
- Access points: persons/families:
- Azbil’, Sender
- Davidson, Leibus
- Drui, El’
- Erlikh, Lazar’
- Gel’shtein, Moshka Zymelevich
- Gol’de, Veniamin
- Hirschman-Leibin
- Krakhmal’nikov, Ia L
- Livshits, Hersch
- Meierovich, Sender
- Neifel’d, Solomon
- Pizhits, Shmul’
- Rabinovich, A
- Rubinovich, Shmonka
- Sher, Sh I
- Shkol’nik, M
- Trishinskii, Yankel
- Tsukerman, M
- Volik, Dem’ian
- Subject terms:
- Censorship
- Correspondence
- Cossacks
- Crime
- Health and medical matters
- Health and medical matters--Physicians and nurses
- Jewish holidays
- Jewish languages
- Jewish languages--Yiddish
- Jewish soldiers
- Jewish-Christian relations
- Military
- Pogroms
- Professions
- Professions--Engineers
- Revolutions
- Synagogues
- Trade and commerce
- World War I
- System of arrangement:
- The fonds includes twenty-two inventories systematised according to the thematic-chronological principle, and chronologically.
- Finding aids:
- Inventories are available.
- Yerusha Network member:
- Jewish Theological Seminary
